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Computer Fundamental Question & Answer PDF
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Computer fundamentals encompass a broad spectrum of essential concepts that form the backbone of modern computing systems. From hardware components to software applications, understanding these fundamental principles is crucial for individuals pursuing careers in various fields such as engineering, computer science, information technology, and more.
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Computer Fundamental Question & Answer
- The basic operations performed by a computer encompass a wide range of tasks that are essential for its functioning. These operations include input, processing, output, and storage. Input refers to the process of entering data or instructions into the computer, typically through input devices such as keyboards, mice, and touchscreens. Processing involves the manipulation and transformation of data by the computer’s central processing unit (CPU) to produce meaningful results. Output entails the presentation of processed information to users through output devices like monitors, printers, and speakers. Storage involves saving data and programs for future use on storage devices such as hard drives, solid-state drives, and USB flash drives.
- The brain of any computer system is the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU serves as the primary component responsible for executing instructions, performing calculations, and coordinating the various functions of the computer. It acts as the brain of the computer by interpreting and carrying out program instructions, managing data processing tasks, and controlling the overall operation of the system.
- The two major types of computer chips are microprocessors and memory chips. Microprocessors, such as those manufactured by Intel and AMD, serve as the processing units of computers, executing instructions and performing calculations. Memory chips, including RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory), store data and program instructions temporarily or permanently for access by the CPU.
- The storage capacity of a magnetic disk depends on factors such as the physical size of the disk, the density of data storage, and the technology used in its construction. Larger disks with higher data density can store more information. Factors such as the number of platters, tracks, and sectors on the disk also influence its storage capacity.
- The two kinds of main memory in a computer system are RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory). RAM serves as temporary storage for data and program instructions that the CPU can access quickly during operation. ROM contains essential instructions required to boot up the computer and is non-volatile, meaning its contents are retained even when the computer is powered off.
- Integrated Circuits (ICs) are related to the third generation of computers. The development of ICs revolutionized computing by enabling the integration of multiple electronic components on a single chip, leading to smaller, more efficient, and faster computers. The third generation of computers (1960s-1970s) saw the widespread adoption of ICs, marking a significant advancement in computer technology.
- EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) is an 8-bit character encoding system used primarily in IBM mainframe computers. EBCDIC was developed by IBM and is used to represent text and control characters in mainframe computing environments. It stands in contrast to ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), another popular character coding system used in many modern computers.